It is not always easy to determine who causes what to whom depending only on the morphosyntactic properties of the text. Background knowledge about the environment of the text (its preceding context, setting, events, people, etc.) is prerequisite for determining what causes what and what causal chains specify events and link them together in the text. Moreover, readers/translators usually "draw upon prior knowledge about psychological and physical causality to find causes and consequences of focal events" (van den Broek, 1990:423). In the same vein, Kintsch (1995: 142) points out that "a great deal of specific world knowledge is often required, as well as a great deal of analysis: exactly what leads to what and why, inferences about goals, motivations, psychological states, causal relations and implications."