Evaluation of Interleukin 6 and Interleukin 10 in Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is marked by the abnormal clonal expansion of early hematopoietic precursor cells in the bone marrow. In Mosul City, acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common form of leukemia, underscoring the importance of comprehensive evaluation and treatment.Objectives: To evaluate the serum levels of interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 in patients newly diagnosed with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and to assess their correlation with clinical and laboratory parameters.Method: A case-control study, conducted in Nineveh Province from January to October 2024, included 30 newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients and 30 healthy controls. Hematological, biochemical tests and serum interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 evels (measured by ELISA), were performed at diagnosis and post-induction chemotherapy.Result: At diagnosis, the mean levels of hemoglobin and platelets in patients were significantly lower than those in healthy controls. In contrast, serum levels of interleukin 6, interleukin 10, and the percentage of blast cells in both peripheral blood and bone marrow were significantly higher. After induction chemotherapy, acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients exhibited a significant reduction in interleukin 10 and interleukin 6 levels and a reduction in blast percentages, along with increases in hemoglobin and platelet counts. A significant correlation was found between interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 levels and the percentage of blast cells pre-and post-treatment. In acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with low interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 levels, complete remission was achieved.Conclusion: Interleukin levels decrease post-induction chemotherapy, with lower levels linked to remission and higher levels to incomplete remission, suggesting their potential role as a biomarker for disease progression and treatment response.