Noury, Duried. “The Spread of the Arabic Language in South Africa During the 4-8 / 10-16 CE Century”. Adab Al-Rafidayn 27, no. 30 (November 1, 1997): 92–111. Accessed September 28, 2025. https://jamh.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/32667.