AL-UZBAKY, T. The role of foreign elements in the fragmentation of the Arab and Islamic countries in the Abbasid era. Adab Al-Rafidayn, [S. l.], v. 27, n. 29, p. 104–116, 1997. DOI: 10.33899/radab.1997.166551. Disponível em: https://jamh.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/31695. Acesso em: 28 sep. 2025.