In the first section, the researcher tries to conclude a specific definition of the concept of documentation, in addition to exposing the establishment and development of this science, the motives for it, its growth factors, and its position in the science of libraries, while identifying the most important activities carried out by documentation centers. As for the second section, it tries to answer the following question: Where do documentation centers in the Arab world stand compared to documentation centers in the developed world and third world countries, and what are the features that define their features and activities with a focus on their current situation and the great efforts made by the Arab Organization for Education, Culture and Science in order to establish And the development and support of documentation centers in the Arab countries and the obstacles that hinder those efforts. Then the research ends with reaching some important recommendations that aim at promoting documentation centers in Iraq and the Arab world. The importance of research comes from the importance of documentation itself and its value as a basic element in creating a healthy scientific environment and providing the requirements for scientific research to solve the problems of society, because documentation is an important service imposed by the urgent needs of research and the huge flood of information, especially in the field of science and technology, as the amount of what is published increases at an almost impossible rate With it for the scientist or researcher to constantly follow up everything that happens in his field of specialization. The goal that we seek from this research is to spread the documentary awareness necessary to prepare a generation of specialists in the field of documentary services at a level of knowledge and experience in documentation matters and its position in the science of libraries and bibliographies and its value in contemporary scientific and technological developments and to define a series of technical steps starting from the documentary work to the documentation service and the extraction Reproduction, translation, and a level of skillful experience so that they have the ability to practice documentary functions with adequacy and success. The research also aims to emphasize the importance of information, especially documentation services, as a vital element in the information system and as one of the components of the comprehensive development of any country so that information officials and decision-makers take responsibility for creating And the development of these information institutions will catch up with the developed countries in this regard. The study relied on analyzing the documents related to the subject with regard to elaborating the concept of documentation, the activities it includes and the services it provides. It was also relied on the evidence issued by international and Arab documentation centers to identify the nature of the existing documentation centers, especially in the Arab countries, and the scope of their activities.