The theoretical foundations of some educational methods used in teaching history
Abstract
Teaching methods are one of the basic elements in the educational process and have a close relationship with the goals and content of the curriculum, and they include different interactions between students, the teacher and the educational materials, as the goals, as indicated by Nicholls (1972), affect the methods, and the content affects the methods, the teacher, the students, and the means available in The environment and the whole school influence teaching methodology. The choice of appropriate teaching methods depends on the qualified instructor with good preparation. Steele (1976) says: The history of the classroom depends entirely on the qualifications and skills of the teacher, so the characteristics of his preparation are a matter of particular importance. The teacher must always strive to understand the students mind, the nature of his thinking, and which methods and means are most appropriate for him. Mays (1974) asserts that the teacher should know that the success of any teaching method depends, to a large extent, on the good relationship with the class. If this is not achieved, there is no way to succeed, no matter how attractive it is. The method of teaching is important in translating the objectives of the history curriculum into the concepts, trends, values and tendencies that this curriculum seeks to achieve, in addition to that it interferes with the success or failure of the teacher in achieving his educational mission. Positively. Underestimating the importance of the teacher of history by teaching methods is a wrong matter, as mastery of the scientific material and memorizing facts, events and historical narratives is not sufficient to present them properly. Therefore, it has been said: The mastery of knowledge is one thing and the ability to teach it is another. For example, a university professor Maha Otti from the abundance of knowledge in the academic side may not be proficient in teaching at the secondary level, and therefore it can be said: knowledge of teaching methods and mastery of the subject are two basic and interrelated aspects that complement one another. The modern method of teaching emphasizes the creation of educational opportunities and situations that allow students to contribute positively to the learning process, and also calls that students acquisition of facts and information should not only be for themselves, but for the development of attitudes, values and patterns of thinking confirmed by the prevailing social and educational philosophy in society.