Physiological Analysis of Haemoglobin Electrophoresis and Complete Blood Picture in Pregnant Women

Background: Different types of Haemoglobin is synthesized as consequence of the differences in oxygen (O2) demands at different stages of growth to mantis optimal O2 delivery to the tissues. Thus, haemoglobin A1 is the most common form of haemoglobin in the adult people , haemoglobin A1, is a combination of two alpha chains and two beta ( 22 )chains.Aim: The study aimed to assess the level of adult haemoglobin and fetal haemoglobin in normal pregnancy and correlate the results with complete blood picture.Methods: Study design: cross sectional study carried from Oct. 2024- Jan. 2025. Blood samples were used to determine complete blood picture by using hematology autoanalyser and haemoglobin electrophoresis by using Gel electrophoresis chamber.Result: Seventy pregnant women in the third trimester were included in the study. The mean SD of their age was 27.559.17years.The mean of HbA1 was (92.632.47) while for HbA2 was (2.800.83) and fetal haemoglobin was (2.152.48). Twenty four of them were taking iron supplement (group 1) and 46 pregnant women not taking iron supplement (group 2), HbA1 higher in group 1 and Hb F was lower in group 1 but both results were statically not significant. Positive association between HbA1 with Hb, PCV, RBC and reticulocytes (P < 0.0001), (P<0.0001), (P<0.044) (P < 0.034), respectively.There was a negative correlation of Hb A1 with the platelets ( P<0.037).Inverse correlation was found between HbA1 and HbA2 (P<0.017). A significant negative association between HbA2 and HbA1(p < 0.017).Conclusion: Adult hemoglobin positively associated with red blood cell count packed cell volume and reticulocyte count and negatively correlated with platelets count. Significant negative correlation of HbA1 with the HbA2 ,fetal hemoglobin higher in pregnant women and in those not taking iron it has negative association with monocyte.